Why Intentions Do Not Predict Actions
You intend to exercise, but the couch is comfortable. Past behavior predicts future actions better than stated intentions do.
January 2026
June 2025
How Incentives Shape Outcomes
Incentives direct attention and effort toward rewarded behaviors. They signal importance and create competition.
Step-by-Step: Analyzing Incentive Structures
Map what's rewarded with bonuses and recognition. Identify what's punished with penalties and criticism. Compare stated versus actual incentives.
February 2025
Reactance Theory: Understanding Desires for Freedom
Reactance Theory explains why forbidden things become more desirable and why heavy-handed persuasion backfires.
Goal-Setting Theory: Effective Strategies for Success
Specific, hard goals beat vague effort every time, but they also built Enron and the Ford Pinto.
January 2025
Understanding Social Loafing in Group Dynamics
In 1913, Max Ringelmann had men pull a rope alone and in groups. Alone, each man pulled with about 63 kg of force.
Growth Mindset: The Belief That Changes What Failure Means
In the early 1980s, Carol Dweck watched children in her University of Illinois lab respond to difficult problems.
Understanding Self-Determination Theory and Motivation
In 1971, Edward Deci paid students to solve Soma puzzles they previously enjoyed — and found they spent less time on the puzzles during free time...
Regulatory Focus Theory: Promotion vs. Prevention Mindsets
E. Tory Higgins showed children a cartoon animal that was either cheerful when it found its favorite food or sad when it didn't.
Flow State: The Psychology Behind Optimal Experience
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi interviewed chess players, rock climbers, surgeons, and composers and found they described their best experiences in nearly...
Learned Helplessness: Why People Stop Trying to Escape
Martin Seligman and Steven Maier gave dogs inescapable electric shocks in 1967. When later placed in a box where escape was easy, the dogs did not...
December 2024
Understanding Social Comparison Theory and Its Effects
Olympic silver medalists look less happy than bronze medalists at the moment of winning. The silver medalist compares upward — to gold, which they...
What Is Motivation? Understanding Its Psychological Forces
Motivation is the psychological force that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior toward goals, driven by a combination of intrinsic and...
The Zeigarnik Effect: Why Unfinished Tasks Haunt the Mind
In a Vienna café in the 1920s, Kurt Lewin noticed that waiters remembered unpaid tabs in perfect detail but forgot settled ones immediately.
Locus of Control: Rotter's Framework on Who Controls Your Life
Locus of Control measures whether people believe outcomes are controlled by their own actions (internal) or by external forces like fate, luck, or...
February 2024
Chronic Procrastination in Highly Motivated People
Why do intelligent, motivated people chronically delay important work? Understand the neuroscience of procrastination — temporal discounting,...
Why Motivation Fades and How to Revive It
Why does motivation disappear even when the goal matters to you? Discover what neuroscience and psychology reveal about dopamine,...
January 2024
Self-Efficacy: The Power of Belief in Capabilities
Self-efficacy — the belief in one's capacity to execute behaviors required to produce outcomes — is one of psychology's most validated predictors...
March 2023
Research Insights on Effective Goal-Setting Practices
Goal-setting research explained: what SMART goals get right and wrong, how OKRs compare, approach vs avoidance goals, implementation intentions,...
January 2023
Why We Experience Boredom: A Psychological Perspective
Boredom is not laziness. It is a motivational signal, a health risk, and a cognitive state with its own neuroscience.
December 2022
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation: Key Insights
Intrinsic motivation comes from within; extrinsic from rewards. Deci and Ryan's research shows why rewards sometimes backfire and what drives...
June 2022
Gamification: The Impact of Game Mechanics on Behavior
Gamification applies game mechanics to non-game contexts to drive behavior. Learn when it works, when it fails, and how to design it ethically and...