February 2026
- Feb 14, 2026ConceptsDeliberate Practice ExplainedThe characteristics separating deliberate practice from ordinary repetition: specific targets, work at the edge of ability, immediate informative feedback, and actively building mental representations. Ericsson, Krampe and Tesch-Romer's Berlin violin study is unpacked properly: the top group's roughly 10,000 hours was an average for solitary practice, not a threshold. Macnamara and colleagues put practice at 26% of variance in games, 21% in music, 1% in professions.
- Feb 13, 2026ConceptsHow Experts Build Mental RepresentationsChase and Simon's 1973 study looked like proof of superior memory until they added the control condition. Shown positions that could not occur in a real game, grandmasters performed no better than beginners, both recalling about six pieces. The advantage was never raw memory but perceptual chunking of meaningful patterns. This page traces how those representations develop, including Luhmann-style pattern libraries, template theory and the limits of transfer between domains.
- Feb 12, 2026ConceptsHow to Build Real ExpertiseBenjamin Bloom's five-year study interviewed 120 world-class performers across six fields and found almost none had been remarkable children; what they shared was a long structured path. Ericsson's violin study put the top group near 10,000 practice hours by age 20 against roughly 3,400 for the music-education group, while Macnamara's 2014 meta-analysis of 88 studies put practice at 26% of variance in games, 21% in music, 18% in sports.
December 2022
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