Machine Learning Model Training Explained
ML training: Initialize model with random weights, forward pass makes predictions, calculate loss measuring error, backpropagation updates weights, repeat.
January 2026
How Search Engines Index and Rank Content
Search engines crawl pages by following links, index content by extracting text and metadata, then rank results using algorithms and relevance signals.
How Load Balancers Distribute Traffic
Load balancers distribute incoming requests across servers using algorithms like round robin for fairness and least connections for optimal routing.
How Encryption Protects Data
Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext using algorithms and keys. Intercepted data is useless without the key. Symmetric and asymmetric types exist.
How DNS Resolution Works
DNS resolution: Browser checks cache, queries recursive resolver like Google DNS, resolver checks cache, then queries root nameservers to find IP addresses.
How APIs Work: Technical Deep Dive
APIs define software communication contracts. REST APIs use endpoints like /users and HTTP methods like GET for read and POST for create operations.
Database Transactions and ACID Properties
Transactions treat operations as single units—all succeed or all fail. ACID properties: Atomicity (all-or-nothing), Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
Database Indexing Explained
Database indexes use B-tree structures maintaining sorted pointers to rows. Like book indexes, they enable fast lookups without scanning entire tables.
Container Technology Explained
Containers use Linux namespaces for isolated processes and cgroups for resource limits. Lightweight virtualization with separate filesystems and networks.
October 2025
How Version Control Systems Work
Explore the technical architecture of Git and distributed version control, from commits and branching to merging and conflict resolution.