- Development of Information TheoryShannon defined information as reduction of uncertainty. Bit is the fundamental unit. Entropy measures information content and compression limits.
- Evolution of Cognitive PsychologyCognitive revolution in the 1950s rejected behaviorism. Computers provided metaphors. Focus shifted to mental processes and information processing.
- Evolution of Communication TheoryShannon's mathematical model treats communication as signal transmission. Encoding sends messages. Decoding receives them. Noise creates errors.
- History of Management TheoryScientific management optimized tasks. Human relations in 1930s emphasized social factors. Systems theory saw organizations as interconnected wholes.
- History of Organizational LearningArgyris and Schon distinguished single-loop learning, which fixes errors, from double-loop learning, which questions underlying assumptions.
- Origins of Behavioral EconomicsBehavioral economics origins: Simon introduced bounded rationality in 1950s. Kahneman and Tversky revealed cognitive biases and heuristics in 1970s.
- Origins of Decision Theory: Key DevelopmentsDecision theory origins: Bernoulli introduced expected utility in 1738. Von Neumann and Morgenstern developed game theory and axioms of...
- Philosophical Roots of Critical ThinkingAristotle developed logic and syllogism. Socrates questioned assumptions. Descartes emphasized doubt. Enlightenment valued reason over authority.
- The Evolution of Metrics in Science and ManagementScientific management quantified work. Accounting standardized financial measurement. Modern analytics expanded to all aspects of organizational...
- The History of Systems ThinkingBertalanffy created general systems theory. Cybernetics studied feedback and control. Systems dynamics modeled complex behavior over time.