A thorough guide to the welfare state — its Bismarckian origins, Esping-Andersen's three worlds typology, the Beveridge Report, Nordic universalism, the US welfare state's fragmented character, the economics of social insurance, evidence on poverty reduction, and the political economy of retrenchment.
17 min read
Nick Bostrom's simulation argument explained: the trilemma, the physics objections, the consciousness problem, and what it would mean if our reality were computed.
17 min read
The opioid crisis killed over 500,000 Americans between 1999 and 2019. Understand the three waves, the neuroscience of addiction, Purdue Pharma's role, and what treatments actually work.
19 min read